Traditional Chinese and Western medicine classification, prevention and treatment of oligospermia, and commonly used external treatments and dietary therapies.

Oligospermia is defined as a sperm density below 20 million per milliliter, or a total sperm count of less than 50 million in a single ejaculation. This condition often leads to infertility due to the low sperm density. The diagnostic criteria are: normal sexual function and normal ejaculation volume per ejaculation, but low sperm density, with three or more consecutive tests showing a sperm density below 20 million per milliliter, or a total sperm count of less than 50 million. To prevent this condition, the following should be observed: avoid spicy foods, cottonseed oil, and celery; abstain from smoking and alcohol; maintain regular sexual activity, avoiding excessive frequency while also avoiding abstinence; avoid wearing tight pants; avoid prolonged work or stay in high-temperature or brightly lit environments; and actively and effectively treat epididymitis, seminal vesiculitis, varicocele, and other related conditions.

The main treatment methods are: (1) Western medicine prescription: Human chorionic gonadotropin 1000 units, twice a week, intramuscular injection. Menopausal gonadotropin 75 units, intramuscular injection, three times a week. Clomiphene, 25 mg each time, once a day, orally. (2) Traditional Chinese medicine prescription ① Rehmannia glutinosa 30g, Cornus officinalis 15g, Dioscorea opposita 15g, Poria cocos 10g, Alisma plantago-aquatica 8g, Paeonia suffruticosa 8g, Aconitum carmichaelii 6g, Cinnamomum cassia 3g, Allium tuberosum 10g, Epimedium brevicornu 15g, Cnidium monnieri 10g. Decocted in water and taken orally, twice a day, one dose per day. It is suitable for oligospermia due to kidney yang deficiency. ② Ginseng 10g, Astragalus 30g, Angelica sinensis 12g, Poria cocos 10g, Atractylodes macrocephala 10g, Citrus reticulata peel 6g, Cuscuta chinensis 20g, Schisandra chinensis 10g, Lycium barbarum 10g, Rosa laevigata 10g, Psoralea corylifolia 10g, Plantago asiatica 10g, Cnidium monnieri 10g, Rubus idaeus 10g. Decoct in water and take twice daily, one dose per day. Suitable for oligospermia due to spleen and kidney deficiency. ③ Dioscorea hypoglauca 10g, Acorus tatarinowii 10g, Scutellaria barbata 15g, Phellodendron chinense 10g, Curcuma longa 6g, Achyranthes bidentata 10g, Atractylodes lancea 6g, Polygonum cuspidatum 10g, Plantago asiatica (wrapped) 10g, Allium tuberosum seed 10g, Alisma plantago-aquatica 10g. Decoct in water and take twice daily, one dose per day. Suitable for oligospermia due to damp-heat stagnation. ④ 10g of stir-fried Astragalus complanatus, 10g of Leonurus japonicus, 10g of Allium tuberosum, 10g of Ligustrum lucidum, 10g of Schisandra chinensis, 10g of Cuscuta chinensis, 10g of Nelumbo nucifera, and 10g of deer antler glue (melted). Decocted in water and taken twice a day, one dose per day. Suitable for oligospermia due to kidney deficiency. (3) Poultice therapy ① 9g of Vaccaria segetalis, ground into powder and mixed with yellow wine to moisten and apply to the navel, then fixed with gauze and adhesive tape. Once a day, 20 days is one course of treatment. Suitable for oligospermia due to blood stasis. ② 20g of Epimedium, 30g of Cnidium monnieri, 6g of sulfur, and 10g of processed Aconitum carmichaelii. Grind into powder and make into a bellyband to protect the navel and abdomen. Suitable for oligospermia due to kidney yang deficiency. ③ 0.3g of musk and 1g of dragon's blood powder, applied to the navel. Fixed with a pain-relieving plaster, and changed every 7-10 days. Suitable for oligospermia due to qi stagnation and blood stasis. ④ Prepared aconite 10g, fenugreek 10g, cinnamon 6g, curculigo 30g, cistanche 15g, morinda 15g, cuscuta 20g, psoralea 20g. Decocted in water, towel soaked in the decoction, hot compress on Shenque, Dantian, Shenshu, Balao and other acupoints, once a day, 10 minutes per acupoint. Suitable for oligospermia due to kidney yang deficiency. (4) Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy ① Dahe, Qugu, Sanyinjiao, Guanyuan, Qihai acupoints; Ba, Shenshu, Ximen, Zusanli acupoints. The two groups of acupoints are used alternately, the needling method is tonifying, and moxibustion is applied, the needles are retained for 30 minutes, once a day. ② Shenshu, Mingmen, Zhongji, Guanyuan acupoints, needling or moxibustion with ginger. Once a day, 10 times is one course of treatment. ③ Fill the Shenque acupoint with fine white salt, so that it is level with the navel. Moxibustion is performed on moxa cones (about the size of a soybean) for 15 cones each time, once a day. This is suitable for low sperm count due to Yang deficiency. ④ After lighting the moxa stick, perform moxibustion on Shenque, Zusanli, and Shenshu acupoints for 10 minutes each, once a day, for 20 days as one course of treatment. (5) Massage therapy ① Before going to bed, lie supine on the bed, rub your hands together until warm, and then use your right hand to massage the Dantian 100 times clockwise, then 100 times counterclockwise, once every night. This is suitable for all types of sperm deficiency. ② Lie flat on the bed with your lower limbs shoulder-width apart, breathe naturally, place your hands on the inner thighs of the same side, and gently massage from far to near 5-6 times, then massage the testicles 5-6 times, repeating 20 times. Massage once before going to bed and once after waking up each day. 30 days is one course of treatment. (6) Dietary Therapy ① Take 10 sparrows, remove feathers and internal organs, wash them clean, stuff 30 grams of wolfberries into the sparrows' bellies, put them in an iron pot with an appropriate amount of water, and simmer over low heat until cooked. Add seasonings and eat on an empty stomach. Once every 2 days. Suitable for kidney deficiency and low sperm count. ② Take 250 grams of donkey meat, 10 grams each of wolfberries, leek seeds, and epimedium. Stew together until cooked, discard the dregs, eat the meat and drink the soup. ③ Take appropriate amounts of turtle meat and young rooster meat, add an appropriate amount of water, stew together until cooked, add salt and other seasonings before eating. ④ Take 150 grams each of leeks and fresh shrimp, 1 egg, and 50 ml of white wine. Stir-fry leeks with shrimp and egg as a side dish, drink white wine, once a day. 10 days is one course of treatment. Suitable for those with yin deficiency. ⑤ Take 30 grams of fish maw glue and 50 grams of glutinous rice. Cook glutinous rice in a pot with water until it is half-cooked. Then add fish maw gelatin and stir constantly until fully cooked. Turn off the heat and eat it warm, once every other day. Suitable for those with kidney essence deficiency.